May 19, 2024
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Variables and Data Types in C++

awadmin03 mins

Variables:

A variable is a named storage location in a computer’s memory that holds a value. In C++, you need to declare a variable before using it. The basic syntax for variable declaration is:

data_type variable_name;

Here, data_type is the type of data the variable will hold, and variable_name is the name you give to the variable. For example:

int age; // Declaring an integer variable named 'age'
float salary; // Declaring a floating-point variable named 'salary'
char grade; // Declaring a character variable named 'grade'

Data Types:

C++ provides several built-in data types to represent different kinds of values. Here are some common data types:

Integer Types:

    • int: Integer type (e.g., int age = 25;).
    • short: Short integer type.
    • long: Long integer type.
    • long long: Long long integer type.

int score = 100;

Floating-Point Types:

  • float: Single-precision floating point.
  • double: Double-precision floating point (more precision than float).
  • long double: Extended precision floating point.

double temperature = 98.6;

Character Types:

  • char: Character type (e.g., char grade = 'A';).

char initial = 'M';

Boolean Type:

  • bool: Boolean type representing true or false.

bool isStudent = true;

Void Type:

  • void: Represents the absence of type.

void printMessage() {
// Function with void return type
cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;
}

Modifiers:

Modifiers can be used with these basic data types to modify the amount of memory space allocated or to represent the range of values a variable can hold.

  • signed and unsigned can be used with integer types to represent both positive and negative or only positive values, respectively.
  • short, long, and long long can be used to modify the size of integer types.

unsigned int positiveNumber = 100;

Constants:

Constants are variables whose values cannot be changed once they are assigned. Use the const keyword to declare constants.

const double PI = 3.14159;

 

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